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The Angels are concerned about the new creation.
Allah creates the first human being, Adam 
, and teaches him the names of all things.
Upon seeing Adam , Iblis becomes arrogant and disobedient.
Adam is the father of mankind. Allah brings forth all of Adam's children,
who bear witness that Allah is the Lord of everything.
Allah creates a companion for Adam named Hawwa (Eve).
Iblis deceives Adam into eating from the forbidden tree, leading to Adam's regret for his actions,
and he seeks forgiveness through Tawbah (repentance).
Qabil harbours jealousy towards his brother Habil. A sacrifice is sought to solve a matter but intensifies when his own sacrifice is rejected while Habil's is accepted.
Qabil commits the first murder among mankind by killing his brother Habil. After the act, Qabil experiences feelings of regret and remorse but is uncertain about what steps to take next.
Adam’s life is extended. Adam , like other prophets and messengers, is given the option to live longer.
Adam dies and angels are sent by Allah to meet Adam’s sons who conduct Adam’s funeral.
Prophet Sheeth was the third son of Prophet Adam and Hawwa (Eve), born after the death of his brother Habil (Abel).
The name "Sheeth" means "Gift from Allah" because he was born after the tragic loss of Habil.
His father taught him the hours of the days and night and the act of worship to be performed in those hours.
Sheeth was chosen by Allah to lead the descendants of Adam. He was known for his piety, righteousness, and devotion to Allah.
Allah revealed fifty scrolls (Suhuf) to Sheeth, containing guidance and laws for his people. He received divine guidance to lead his people and maintain the monotheistic teachings passed down from Adam .
Prophet Idris descended from Sheeth , the son of Adam , and is considered the great-grandfather of Prophet Nuh . He lived among the early generations of mankind and was the first prophet sent after Sheeth, continuing the message of Tawheed. His noble ancestry set the foundation for his elevated status.
Allah describes Idris in the Qur’an as a Prophet and a man of truth. His honesty, firm belief, and righteous conduct made him worthy of being chosen as a Messenger to guide his people in a time of moral decline. His mission was to call others to sincerity and obedience to Allah.
Idris was the first human to write with a pen, sew garments, and study celestial movements. He embodied the fusion of revelation and intellect, leading humanity in both spiritual and practical advancements. His contributions laid the groundwork for literacy and structured life.
Driven by a powerful desire to increase his reward, Idris asked a close angelic companion to take him to the heavens so he might perform even more virtuous deeds. His sincerity and ambition reflect a heart consumed with the love of righteousness and a yearning for Allah’s pleasure.
Allah counted Idris among the Sabireen (the patient) and admitted him into His Mercy. His steadfastness and righteousness in times of trial earned him an everlasting place among the elite mentioned in the Qur'an—those who are examples for all believers.
The generation between Adam and Nuh adhered to the belief in the oneness of Allah following the Sharee’ah. However, over time, deviation from monotheism emerged and the spread of shirk accelerated. Influenced by shaytaan’s whispers and deception, shaytan began corrupting the people’s belief by encouraging them to visit the graves of righteous individuals, constructing statues in remembrance of them and, subsequently worshiping them alongside Allah.
Nuh, the first messenger sent to mankind has been commanded by Allah to call the people back to righteousness. Nuh, upon steadfastness and resilience, calls his people for 950 years employing various methods to his people to abandon shirk and return back to Tawheed.
Despite his sincere advice and warning, Nuh (AS) was faced with severe opposition from his people.
As the situation with his people grew increasingly dire, Allah revealed to Prophet Nuh that none among his people who hadn’t believed now, would not be saved.
In response to this revelation, Nuh fervently supplicated to Allah, day and night seeking his aid and assistance.
Upon granting Nuh's request, Allah ordered Nuh (AS) to construct an Ark and to embark upon it with those who believed and with each kind of animal, male and female.
While constructing the Ark, Nuh was met with mockery and ridicule from his people; however, he still remained steadfast carrying out the commands of Allah.
Allah sent his divine punishment upon the people of Nuh (AS). In the face of the impending flood, the people of Nuh sought to flee for safety but as the floodwater gushed forth from the earth, and poured from the heavens, the rain engulfed the land and submerged everything in its path.
Allah’s decree was fulfilled and the disbelievers from the people of Nuh were destroyed. There were no survivors that day.
Despites Nuh's earnest efforts calling his people back to Tawheed, among those who were destroyed with the disbelievers were Nuh's wife and his son.
After the flood subsided and Nuh and those who were on the Ark with him were saved, Allah caused the idols to be buried.
Nuh continued to advise and warn his people on being upon the obedience of Allah and to be weary of the trials of this world.
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The Ad tribe lived in Yemen in the desert in a region between Hadramout and Oman. They were renowned for their great physical stature and the grand buildings they constructed.
Despite their power, Ad were a disbelieving people; they were unjust and worshipped idols.
Prophet Hud
called them to reject idol worship and acknowledge Allah as the only true God. However, despite his efforts,
the leaders of the tribe ridiculed him, accusing him of foolishness and dishonesty.
APPEAL TO HIS PEOPLE
Prophet Hud
urged his people to worship Allah alone, reminding them of the blessings they had received. He questioned
their logic in worshipping idols crafted by their own hands and emphasised that Allah was the source of life
and death, and the only one worthy of worship. He gave the clear message: return to monotheism and leave
behind falsehood.
EXPLAINS THE DAY OF JUDGEMENT
Prophet Hud
warned the Ad of the Day of Judgement, when every soul would be resurrected and held accountable. The people
of Ad mocked him, refusing to accept the idea of resurrection.
The people of Ad remained stubborn in their disbelief, mocking Prophet Hud’s
message and rejecting the idea of a life after death. They viewed him as just another man like themselves,
someone unworthy of divine authority. Despite their wealth and material success, they could not see beyond
their arrogance and materialistic pursuits.
WARNS HIS PEOPLE
Hud continued to warn his people of Allah’s impending punishment, urging them to seek forgiveness and repent.
However, the people of Ad remained defiant, insisting that their wealth and towering structures would protect
them. They refused to believe that Hud
was a messenger and dismissed his warnings, daring him to bring the punishment he spoke of.
Allah sent a severe drought and, later, a violent windstorm destroyed the Ad. The storm, which lasted eight
days and seven nights, reducing everything to ruins. Only Prophet Hud
and a few believers were saved, while the rest of the Ad were completely obliterated as a sign of Allah’s
power and justice.
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After the people of Ad were destroyed, the tribe of Thamud rose to power and wealth. However, as they grew richer, they also became more corrupt. They built impressive buildings and carved homes from the hills, but their moral values declined, and evil rulers took control of the land.
Allah sent Prophet Salih
to guide the people of Thamud. Salih
was respected for his wisdom and goodness. He urged his people to worship Allah alone and abandon their
idols. While a few believed him, most people refused to listen and made fun of him. They were confused by
his message and didn't want to leave the gods their ancestors had worshipped.
The people of Thamud asked Salih
for a miracle to prove he was a prophet. In response, Allah made a huge, unique she-camel appear from a
rock, just as they had demanded. This was a clear sign from Allah, and some people believed after seeing
it. However, many continued to reject Salih
and became to resent the camel, even though it provided them with milk and was a blessing.
Salih
warned them not to harm the she-camel, however, the people of Thamud secretly plotted to kill it.
Influenced by their leaders and tempted by rewards, several men killed the camel. They celebrated their act
and mocked Salih. Prophet Sailh
warned them that Allah’s punishment would come in three days if they didn’t repent, but they ignored his
warning.
Three days after the camel was killed, Allah sent a punishment of a Blast from the sky and a violent earthquake. The entire tribe of Thamud was destroyed, except for those who had believed and left.
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Prophet Ibrahim is introduced as one of the greatest prophets in Islam, known for his devotion to Tawheed (monotheism) and his title as "Khalilullah" (the close friend of Allah). His life marks a pivotal moment in history as he is the forefather of both the Arab and Israelite prophets, including Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. His role in spreading the message of monotheism is unparalleled, and his story serves as an example for all believers.
Ibrahim grew up in a society entrenched in idol worship, yet he was deeply disturbed by the practice from an early age. Despite the culture of his people, including his own family, he rejected idol worship, using reason and logic to search for the truth about the Creator. His journey towards recognising Allah as the only true deity began in his youth, setting the stage for his later mission as a prophet.
Upon receiving divine guidance, Ibrahim openly called his people to the worship of Allah alone. He preached Tawheed (Islamic monotheism) and warned against the dangers of associating partners with Allah (shirk). His boldness in rejecting the idols worshipped by his people demonstrated his commitment to the oneness of Allah, even in the face of severe opposition.
In a bold act of defiance, Ibrahim smashed the idols in the temple, except for the largest one, as a demonstration of the futility of idol worship. When his people confronted him, Ibrahim used the situation to challenge their beliefs, asking why they worship things that cannot benefit or harm them. This act intensified the opposition against him but showcased his fearlessness in standing up for the truth.
After breaking the idols, Ibrahim was sentenced to be burned alive by his people. However, Allah miraculously saved him by making the fire cool and safe for him. This event is a powerful example of how Allah rewards and protects those who have complete trust in Him, even in the most perilous situations.
After facing relentless opposition and hostility from his people, Ibrahim migrated to seek a land where he could worship Allah freely. His hijrah (migration) exemplifies the concept of leaving one’s home, comfort, and security for the sake of Allah, highlighting the sacrifices required in the path of faith.
Ibrahim’s journey to Egypt, accompanied by his wife Sarah, is marked by tests and divine interventions. During their stay, they encountered a tyrannical ruler who attempted to harm Sarah, but Allah protected her from harm. This part of Ibrahim’s life emphasizes the role of patience and trust in Allah during times of adversity.
Ibrahim’s second wife, Hajar, and their son, Ismaeel, were left in the barren land of Makkah by Allah’s command. From this apparent hardship emerged the miraculous well of Zamzam, and Makkah became a place of great significance. The story of Hajar’s perseverance and trust in Allah illustrates deep faith and reliance on His wisdom.
Ibrahim was commanded by Allah to sacrifice his beloved son, Ismaeel, in a profound test of faith. Both father and son submitted to Allah’s command without hesitation, only for Allah to replace Ismaeel with a ram at the last moment. This test is a powerful symbol of obedience and submission to Allah’s will, celebrated annually by Muslims during Eid al-Adha.
Ibrahim, along with his son Ismaeel, was chosen by Allah to build the Ka'bah in Makkah, the first house of worship dedicated to the oneness of Allah. The construction of the Ka'bah solidified the foundation of monotheism, and to this day, it remains the focal point of Muslim worship worldwide. This event underscores the lasting impact of Ibrahim’s mission.
Ibrahim made numerous supplications for his descendants, asking Allah to raise from them prophets and righteous people who would continue to guide humanity toward the worship of Allah alone. His duas reflect his deep concern for future generations and his role in laying the groundwork for the spread of Islam through his progeny.
The relationship between Prophet Ibrahim and his own sons, Ismaeel and Ishaq, highlights the continuity of the message of monotheism. His influence extended to the prophets who followed, with his teachings deeply impacting their missions and the prophetic tradition.
Ibrahim’s life is a model of Tawakkul (trust in Allah), from leaving his homeland, facing the fire, to being tested with the sacrifice of his son. His constant reliance on Allah’s wisdom and mercy, even in the most challenging circumstances, offers profound lessons in how to maintain faith and trust in Allah’s plan.
Ibrahim’s legacy as the "Father of the Prophets" is a central part of Islamic history. From his descendants came prophets such as Musa (Moses), Dawud (David), Isa (Jesus), and (peace be upon them all). His unwavering commitment to Tawheed and his life of devotion to Allah laid the foundation for the final message of Islam.
Prophet Lut was the nephew of Prophet Ibrahim. He was sent by Allaah to call his people to worship Allaah alone and obedience and away from polytheism and immorality. From the sins that his people often indulged in was the sin of homosexuality.
The three angels (Jibreel, Mika’eel, and Israfeel) visited Prophet Ibrahim and during this visit, they informed him that they were sent by Allaah to punish the people of Lut due to their evil deeds. At the same time, Prophet Lut was determined to call them to the straight path but his people mocked him and thought about expelling him from their land. This all resulted in Lut supplicating against his own people after they asked to be punished out of arrogance.
When Prophet Ibrahim heard the angels saying they would punish the people of Lut, he tried to intercede on their behalf because he hoped that they would eventually accept the call. However, Allaah informd us that this wouldn’t happen as they were stubborn and turned away every time guidance came to them.
The angels then went to Prophet Lut’s house, appearing in the forms of handsome young men as a test for his people. Upon this, Lut took them in secretly since his people had tried to forbid him from that. His wife, however, went and told them what Prophet Lut was doing which caused them to race to his house.
When they arrived, Lut admonished his people again and encouraged them to marry women and cease from their immoral act. He then testified that they were an evil people who didn’t have a single pious man amongst them. After hearing this, the angels began to carry out the punishment against the people.
The towns of Sodom in Palestine were turned completely upside down and Allaah rained upon them stones of baked clay. Prophet Lut’s wife was also punished as she was a disbeliever and acted as a spy against her husband. She was not; however, a lewd person as the wives of the prophets cannot fall into such a thing.
Prophet Ismail was born to Prophet Ibrahim and Hajar, continuing a sacred lineage that includes his half-brother Ishaq and Prophet Yaqub . His early life is marked by the pivotal desert trial with Hajar in Makkah, which ultimately led to the miracle of Zamzam.
Prophet Ismail faced the ultimate trial when Prophet Ibrahim (AS) was commanded to sacrifice him, reflecting his complete submission to Allah. His unwavering trust in his father’s actions as the command of Allah serves as a powerful lesson in obedience and faith.
Prophet Ibrahim provided crucial advice to Prophet Ismail on choosing a pious wife and upholding the values of tawheed within the household. This guidance was essential to ensure that the family continued to be a beacon of pure monotheism and prophetic legacy.
Prophet Ismail , alongside Prophet Ibrahim , played an essential role in building the Kaʿbah, a sacred center for Allah’s worship. This act symbolized their steadfast commitment to tawheed and the establishment of a pure system of monotheistic worship.
Prophet Ismail is celebrated for his resilience, unwavering trust (tawakkul) in Allah, and exemplary character. His life, as documented in Qur'anic verses and authentic hadith, serves as a timeless model of righteousness and pure submission to Allah.
Yaqoub was the son of Ishaq and the grandson of Ibrahim , two of the greatest messengers. Allah granted him prophethood and righteous descendants, choosing his family as the lineage of guidance. He is also known as Israel, the father of the twelve tribes.
Yaqoub , also called Israel, is the patriarch of the twelve tribes of Banu Israil. Allah repeatedly affirms this status in the Quran, and the Prophet refers to his noble lineage. His children carried both biological and spiritual legacy — and through them, the message of tawheed continued among a nation.
Prophet Yaqoub endured immense grief when his beloved son Yusuf disappeared. Despite not knowing the truth for years, he never despaired of Allah’s mercy. His story is one of noble sabr (patience), honesty in grief, and perfect tawakkul (trust in Allah).
After years of grief and trust in Allah, Yaqoub reunited with Yusuf and his family in Egypt. He witnessed the fulfillment of the dream and ended his life guiding his children to Tawheed. His story closed with faith, joy, and prophetic legacy.
Even after his death, Yaqoub was honoured in the Quran. Allah mentioned him repeatedly among the rightly guided prophets, praised his worship, and clarified his true religion. His name remains inseparable from the message of Tawheed passed down from Ibrahim .
Yusuf saw a dream of eleven stars, the sun, and the moon bowing to him, symbolising a great future. His father, Prophet Yaqoub , warned him not to share it with his jealous brothers. This vision marked the start of Allah’s divine plan, preparing him for trials and leadership.
Out of envy, Yusuf’s brothers plotted against him and threw him into a well, deceiving their father with a blood-stained shirt. They hoped to erase him from their lives, unaware that their actions were part of Allah’s greater plan. This betrayal began Yusuf’s journey of trials and eventual rise to honor.
A passing caravan rescued Yusuf and sold him as a slave in Egypt, where he was bought by Al-Aziz. Despite his hardships, he remained steadfast, gaining wisdom and favor in his new household. Even as a servant, Allah was preparing him for a higher purpose.
Zulaikha, the wife of Al-Aziz, attempted to seduce Yusuf , but he firmly rejected her out of fear of Allah. When she falsely accused him, he was imprisoned despite his innocence. His steadfastness in the face of temptation proved his unwavering faith and moral integrity.
In prison, Yusuf interpreted the dreams of two inmates while using the opportunity to invite them to worship Allah. His interpretations came true, leading to the release of one prisoner who later worked in the king’s court. Yusuf’s patience in unjust imprisonment showcased his unwavering trust in Allah’s plan.
Years later, the king had a perplexing dream that no one could explain, prompting the freed prisoner to remember Yusuf . Yusuf accurately interpreted the dream, predicting a famine and suggesting a plan to manage Egypt’s resources. Impressed, the king freed him and appointed him as a minister, fulfilling part of Allah’s promise.
Yusuf’s brothers arrived in Egypt seeking food, unaware of his identity. He tested their sincerity by accusing them of spying and demanding that they bring Binyamin. Yusuf orchestrated a plan whereby the brothers were accused of theft and Yusuf retained Binyamin.
After failing to secure Binyamin’s release, the brothers returned to Yaqoub claiming their brother had been caught stealing. Yaqoub remained patient, placing his trust in Allah. As he wept so much that Yaqoub lost his eyesight. He commanded his sons to return to Egypt to search for Yusuf and Binyamin.
After suffering great trials, Yusuf saw the justice of Allah unfold as events led to his family’s return. His brothers, unaware of his true identity, pleaded for mercy in their desperation. Yusuf finally revealed himself, demonstrating both the fulfillment of Allah’s decree and the triumph of patience, faith, and divine justice.
At the height of his success, Yusuf humbly thanked Allah, recognizing that all blessings come from Him. He made dua to die as a Muslim, showing that true success is in faith, not power. His humility teaches that gratitude to Allah is key to enduring honor.
Yaqoub endured immense grief over Yusuf’s disappearance but never lost faith in Allah. He demonstrated sabr jameel (beautiful patience) by trusting Allah’s wisdom and never despairing. His patience was eventually rewarded when he reunited with his son.
Understanding the historical background of Misr is key to understanding the story of Musa and who the real so-called Pharaohs were. Understand the mistakes in western history, and the claims of the modern day Jews.
Firawn the tyrant ruler slaughtered the children of Bani Israel. Prophet Musa was born in difficult circumstances and Allah inspired his mother to put him in a basket to save him. Allah granted Musa divine protection and he was taken in and brought up by the people of the palace.
Musa reached full maturity at the age of forty. He accidentally killed an Egyptian man while defending an Israelite and feared retribution from Firawn, so he fled Misr.
Musa arrived in Madyan and helped two women water their flock. As a reward he was offered hospitality by their father Prophet Shuayb . Musa accepted an offer of service and later married one of his daughters.
The burning bush marked the beginning of Musa’s divine mission to challenge the tyranny of Firawn and free Bani Israel. Allah supported Musa with miracles and taught reliance upon Him, the power of dua, and trust in Allah during hardship.
Musa and his brother Harun were commanded to call Pharaoh to Islam. Pharaoh responded with weak arguments and threats of imprisonment, but Musa presented undeniable proof.
Musa showed Pharaoh two clear miracles from Allah. Pharaoh accused him of magic and gathered magicians, but they failed to replicate the signs and accepted Islam. They were threatened with death but remained steadfast.
Pharaoh continued to oppress Bani Israel and refused to release them. Musa led them out by night, but Pharaoh pursued them. Allah answered Musa’s supplication and destroyed Pharaoh when the sea parted for Bani Israel and drowned Pharaoh and his army.
Musa struck the sea with his staff and it split into towering walls. Bani Israel crossed safely, while Pharaoh drowned. His body was preserved as a sign.
Musa spoke to Allah at Mount Sinai and received the Taurat on stone tablets, establishing the covenant.
Musa was commanded to seek al Khidr, who taught him lessons of patience and divine wisdom behind unseen events.
Musa passed away after a lifetime of struggle and guidance. His story remains one of courage, patience, and trust in Allah.
Dawud father’s name was Eesha, and he descended from a noble line of prophets, including Yaqoub, Ishaq, and Ibrahim.
Dawud is described as having short stature, blue eyes, and soft hair. He had a pure and sincere heart and was courageous, which made him beloved among his people.
During the conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines, Jalut challenged Talut, the king at the time, to fight him. Talut announced this challenge to the people, but only Dawud accepted it and killed Jalut. After this victory, Dawud was appointed king.
Dawud was blessed with the ability to shape iron without tools, allowing him to make armour and protective equipment for his people. He also had a special connection to nature, with mountains and birds glorifying Allah alongside him.
Dawud was also given the ability to recite easily and quickly, and he possessed a beautiful voice unlike any other before him.
Dawud was consistent and devoted in his worship. He would sleep for half the night, pray for one third, and then sleep for the remaining sixth. He fasted every other day and, despite being a king, earned his living through his own labour.
The Zaboor was revealed to Dawud as a scripture full of wisdom and praise. His recitation was so moving that people, animals, and birds would pause to listen, bringing all of creation together in the worship of Allah.
Dawud was known for fairness and wisdom in judgment. In one case involving a dispute over a cow, he delayed ruling until Allah revealed that the claimant had murdered the other man’s father. His just rulings strengthened his authority and reputation.
Allah guided Dawud to rule with justice and warned him against following personal desires. Dawud took this guidance seriously, and his household was known for continuous worship, setting a powerful example of devotion and piety.
Dawud passed away peacefully after encountering the angel of death in his home. After his death, his son Sulaiman succeeded him as king. Dawud’s legacy lived on through his leadership, worship, and devotion to Allah.
Prophet Sulaiman , son of Prophet Dawud, was both a prophet and a powerful king. His story is unique as he was granted wisdom, knowledge, and authority by Allah. He ruled with justice and righteousness, combining spiritual leadership with political power. His governance was characterised by his commitment to the message of Tawheed and submission to Allah.
Allah blessed Sulaiman with exceptional wisdom and understanding, making him a model of sound judgement. His ability to make insightful decisions in complex matters reflects the value of knowledge in Islam. Sulaiman’s wisdom allowed him to rule effectively, always seeking to please Allah in his judgements and actions.
Prophet Sulaiman was granted miraculous abilities by Allah, including control over the wind, the ability to communicate with animals, and command over the jinn. These powers were given to him as a test of responsibility and submission to Allah’s will. He used these gifts for the betterment of his people and to propagate the message of Islam.
One of the famous stories about Sulaiman is his encounter with an ant colony. As his army approached, he overheard an ant warning the others to hide. He smiled and showed mercy, thanking Allah for his ability to understand even the smallest of creatures. This incident highlights the importance of compassion, humility, and recognising the signs of Allah’s greatness in all of creation.
The hoopoe bird played a key role in delivering the news of a distant kingdom ruled by the Queen of Sheba. Upon hearing this, Sulaiman sent a letter inviting her to worship Allah alone. This event underscores Sulaiman’s dedication to spreading the message of Tawheed.
Allah gave Sulaiman control over the jinn, allowing him to command them for various tasks. Despite their power, Sulaiman always reminded them of their duty to obey Allah. His leadership illustrates the responsibility that comes with authority.
The Queen of Sheba, known as Bilqis, ruled over a prosperous kingdom that worshipped the sun. After receiving Sulaiman’s invitation and witnessing signs of Allah’s power, she submitted to Allah and embraced Islam.
By Allah’s will, the throne of the Queen of Sheba was brought to Sulaiman’s court in the blink of an eye. This demonstrated Allah’s power and the obedience of creation to His command.
Sulaiman’s reign was marked by exemplary justice and fairness. He is remembered for wise rulings and equitable judgement, regardless of status or power.
Despite his immense power, Sulaiman remained humble and grateful, recognising that all blessings come from Allah.
Sulaiman passed away while leaning on his staff, reminding all that worldly power is temporary and every soul will taste death.
Sulaiman’s life remains a model of leadership rooted in faith, justice, and obedience to Allah.
Prophet Illyas is clearly described in the Quran as one of the messengers sent by Allah. His prophethood is affirmed alongside other well known prophets, confirming that he was sent with divine guidance and authority.
Illyas confronted his people for worshipping the idol Baal. He called them to abandon idol worship and return to the exclusive worship of Allah alone. This was the central mission shared by all prophets: to oppose shirk and establish Tawhid.
Illyas is listed by Allah among the righteous. He is mentioned alongside prophets such as Zakariya, Yahya, and Isa, highlighting his upright character, sincere obedience, and spiritual excellence.
Allah grants Illyas a special greeting of peace in the Quran. This honour is shared only with a small number of elite prophets, showing his elevated rank among the chosen servants of Allah.
The Quran uses the same language to describe Illyas as it does for other major prophets. He is described as a messenger, among the righteous, and honoured with peace. His confrontation with idol worship mirrors the prophetic pattern found throughout the Quran.
and the Beginning of His TrialsAyoub – A Man of Blessings and Gratitude
Prophet Ayoub was a man of immense wealth, possessing vast lands, livestock, and a large, righteous family. Despite his prosperity, he remained humble and grateful to Allah. His story highlights how wealth itself is a test, just as hardship is, and how both can be means of purification and elevation in the sight of Allah.
A Complete Test of Faith and Endurance
Ayoub was tested with the complete loss of his children, wealth, and physical health. Even when his body was ravaged by illness and society shunned him, he remained patient and steadfast in faith. His resilience during these severe trials shows us the depth of true tawakkul and sabr.
When the Heart Calls, Allah Responds
Prophet Ayoub was a man of immense wealth, possessing vast lands, livestock, and a large, righteous family. Despite his prosperity, he remained humble and grateful to Allah. His story highlights how wealth itself is a test, just as hardship is, and how both can be means of purification and elevation in the sight of Allah.
Enduring Calamity with Gratitude and Silence
The story of Ayoub shows that the most righteous are tested the most severely. His unwavering patience through loss, disease, and isolation granted him high rank with Allah. The believer’s greatest shield during calamity is sabr and reliance upon Allah’s mercy and wisdom.
Trials Purify, Elevate, and Remind
Ayoub’s long affliction reveals the immense wisdom of Allah in testing His believing servants. Trials aren’t punishment but a means of purification, elevation in rank, and a reminder of our dependence on Allah. Through the lens of tawakkul, a believer sees suffering as mercy.
Allah sent Prophet Yunus to the people of Nineveh.
They rejected his message and continued in disbelief.
This marks the beginning of his mission and the first turn in his story.
Prophet Yunus left his people in a state of anger.
He departed without permission from Allah and boarded a ship.
This marked the beginning of a test that would unfold at sea.
The people of Prophet Yunus saw signs of impending punishment.
They repented sincerely and completely, turning to Allah in humility.
Allah accepted their repentance and lifted the punishment — the only nation mentioned in the Quran to receive this outcome.
Yunus , trapped inside a great fish, made a heartfelt supplication.
He glorified Allah, admitted his wrongdoing, and called out in total darkness.
Allah accepted his dua, and this prayer became a means of relief for all believers.
After being saved from the fish, Yunus was cast onto an open shore.
He was ill and weak, so Allah caused a gourd plant to grow over him for shade and healing.
This quiet phase shows Allah’s mercy in restoring His servant after a great trial.
Once healed and recovered, Yunus was sent again to his people.
This time, they were believers, and Allah granted them worldly enjoyment for a time.
His story ends not with destruction, but with belief and divine favor.
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Zakariya was from the descendants of the two prophets Sulayman and Dawood , who were both from the descendants of Ishaq, son of Ibrahim .
He was the father of the Prophet of Allah, Yahya .
And he was a Prophet from the Prophets of Bani Israel, coming just before Isa , and he knew Maryam bint Imran , the mother of Isa.
Zakariya , who was now of old age, saw Maryam bint Imran in her chamber with fruits out of their season, so he was amazed at this miracle. This encouraged him to call upon Allah for a son, as he realised that Allah can give whatever He wills.
Zakariya , happy over the news of a son, asks Allah for a sign to show him that this son has been bestowed. Allah told him his sign was that he wouldn’t be able to speak with the people for three days except through signs. Yahya was born and he was described as a mercy to his parents, someone who was dutiful and obedient.
Zakariya once couldn’t find his son Yahya for three days, so he went out into the desert looking for him. He found him in a grave that he had dug for himself, and he was standing in it, crying. Zakariya asked him why he was crying, so Yahya said that it was because he remembered that the weepers are those who cross into Jannah, so they both cried over this.
Zakariya died a natural death, but some of the scholars say he was killed by his people.
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Yahya was granted wisdom by Allah from a young age and held fast to the Torah (which was still preserved). He was known for his purity, piety, and dutifulness to his parents, free from arrogance or disobedience. Allah granted him peace at critical moments in his life: birth, death, and resurrection. He was one of those who had a high status among the youth of Paradise.
Yahya and Isa met and neither of them were willing to say that they were superior to the other, showing their humility and their respect for each other. Yahya also was ordered by Allah to perform five things and to tell the Israelites also and after being reminded by Isa, he did so, gathering them in al-Bayt al-Maqdis. They were so many that the masjid was completely full and he commanded them all with that which he was commanded with.
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Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was from the noble tribe of Quraysh a highly influential Arabian lineage.
Prophet Muhammad's lineage is connected to Prophet Ibrahim
,
through his son Prophet Ishmael .
Muhammad ﷺ was born in Makkah on the 9th of the month of Rabi Al-Awwal. Muhammad’s ﷺ father, Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib, passed away before the birth of his son leaving very little wealth.
It was the general custom of the Arabs living in towns to send their children away to bedouin wet-nurses in order to grow up in a healthy surrounding and acquire the purer speech and manners of the bedouins.
Muhammad ﷺ was nursed by Haleemah bint Abi Dhuaib. Haleemah and her whole family were favoured with good fortune whilst Muhammad ﷺ was under their care. Their previously barren land sprouted with grass, and their livestock were full of milk.
When Muhammad ﷺ was six, his mother tragically fell ill and died whilst on a journey back from Yathrib (Medina). Muhammad’s ﷺ grandfather, Abdul Muttalib took guardianship over him. He was dearly loved by his grandfather, who always kept him by his side. Two years later Muhammad’s ﷺ Grandfather became ill and passed away. Muhammad ﷺ sas then taken care of by his paternal uncle, Abu Talib.
Abu Talib took care of Muhammad ﷺ in the best way, putting him with his family and children. During the remaining 40 years, Abu Talib extended Muhammad ﷺ all possible protection and support.
When Muhammad ﷺ was twelve years old, he accompanied his uncle on a trade journey to Syria. On the journey, they met a monk called Bahira, who recognised the signs of prophethood on Muhammad ﷺ.
By the time Muhammad ﷺ was 25 years old, he had a reputation for honesty. He was hired by Kadijah bint Kawailid, a wealthy businesswomen, to take her goods to trade in Syria. Khadija was extremely impressed with how he conducted business, the reports of his honesty and good manners, and expressed her wish to marry him.
Muhammad ﷺ and Kadijah had a happy marriage. Khadija bore all of his children, except Ibrahim: Al-Qasim, Zainab, Ruqaiyah, Umm Kultum, Fatimah and Abdullah. All of his sons died in childhood and all of his daughters died in his lifetime, except Fatimah who passed away 6 months after his death.
When Muhammad ﷺ was nearly 40 years old, he began to spend increasing amounts of time in solitude in the hills and ravines in the neighbourhood of Makkah, devoting himself to worship and meditation.
When Muhammad ﷺ was 40 years old, he began to experience true visions for 6 months. During the month of Ramadan, that year, angel Jibreel appeared before Muhammad in human form, and the first verses of the Quran were revealed. This experience left Prophet Muhammad ﷺ surprised and confused. Terrified, he rushed back to his wife, Khadijah, who took him to her Christian cousin, Waraqa. Waraqah told him that the revelation he had was from the same source as the previous prophets, Prophets Musa and Isa.
The revelation of the Quran continued throughout the life of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
The Prophet ﷺ started the call to Islam with his immediate family, then moved on to people who were closely associated with him, and whoever he thought would respond to the call.
The Prophet's ﷺ wife, Khadijah, was the first person to enter Islam, followed by his freed slave, Zaid bin Harithah, his cousin, Ali bin Abi Talib, and his close friend, Abu Bakr.
For three years the Prophet ﷺ called to Islam in private. However, revelation demanded that the Prophet ﷺ call his tribe and near kindred to Islam, which he proceeded to do from his fourth year of Prophethood to almost the tenth year.
During this time, the Quraish openly opposed and attempted to discredit the Prophet ﷺ and the Call by resorting to calling the Prophet ﷺ a soothsayer, poet, possessed, insane, and a liar.
This opposition by the Quraish eventually escalated to the nobles of the Quraish deciding to use torturous means to try to abate the rise of Islam. Despite the Prophet ﷺ having the support of his extremely powerful uncle, Abu Talib, the Prophet ﷺ was still targeted.
Those with no strong clans to support them, endured severe forms of torture like starvation, being beaten, left out in the heat of the scorching sun, and being tied up and dragged through the streets.
In the fifth year of Prophethood, the Prophet ﷺ allowed a group of Muslims to seek asylum in Abyssinia.
Initially 16 Muslim men and women, and later 83 men and women, left Makkah and sought shelter in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) with the Christian ruler King Negus.
The Quraish sent two of their people after the Muslims to persuade King Negus to send the Muslims back to Makkah, however King Negus, refused until he heard what the Muslims had to say. After hearing the Muslims recite some Quran and explain the teachings of the Prophet, King Negus declared that it seemed to him that what the Muslims told him and the message of Jesus were from the same source. He declared that they were free to live and worship in his land as they wished.
Back in Makkah, the Quraish made a pact with each other against the tribes of Banu Hasim and Banu Al-Muttalib. This pact involved a social and economic boycott so that they would not have any business dealings, marriages, social relations, visits and even verbal contact with the Prophet ﷺ and his supporters until they handed the Prophet ﷺ over to them to be killed.
Banu Hasim and Banu Al-Muttalib retreated to a valley on the eastern outskirts of Makkah and were confined within a narrow pass from the seventh year of Prophethood to the tenth year.
The people in Makkah would buy any food imported into Makkah to keep it away from the Muslims, so little food was available to them except what a few compassionate Makkan’s were able to smuggle to them.
The three year siege caused much suffering and hardship, yet despite this, the Prophet ﷺ, continued to go to the Kabah, pray publicly, and preach to outsiders who visited Makkah.
In the tenth year of Prophethood, the Mother of the believers, the Prophet’s ﷺ wife and greatest help, passed away. During this year, Abu Talib, the Prophet’s ﷺ loving uncle and guardian, fell ill and passed away.
The death of Abu Talib made the Prophet ﷺ vulnerable and the Makkans increased their campaign of torture and oppression.
Seeking support in neighbouring areas, the Prophet ﷺ went to Ta’if to spread his message and seek help. There, the people of Ta’if jeered and drove him out of the city, pelting him with stones.
At this low period, the Prophet ﷺ had an extraordinary experience. One night, as the Prophet ﷺ slept next to the Kabah, Angel Jibreel woke him and was carried in body by a winged horse named Al-Buraq, to Al-Aqsa mosque, in Jerusalem. This journey is referred to as Al-Isra, the Night Journey. There the Prophet ﷺ met other Prophets and led them in prayer.
After that, Jibreel took the Prophet ﷺ to the heavens on the same horse. This journey is referred to as Al-Miraj, the Ascension. The Prophet ﷺ saw angels and met with some of the Prophets on his way to beyond the seventh heaven. Beyond the seventh heaven, the Prophet ﷺ until the Prophet ﷺ was presented to Allah. It was during this experience that Allah’s commandment on the prayer was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ.
This Night Journey and Ascension, was a turning point for the Prophet. After years of persecution, and the loss of both Khadija and Abu Talib, this experience gave the Prophet ﷺ great comfort and the strength to go on.
During the pilgrimage seasons the Prophet ﷺ would meet with the pilgrims and explain the message of Islam.it was during one of these meetings, 6 from the Khazraj tribe from Yathrib (Madina) accepted Islam and made the promise to spread this message on their return home.
The following year, 11 people from Yathrib, which included 5 of those from the previous year, made a pledge in Aqabah to the Prophet ﷺ known as the First Pledge of Aqabah. The Prophet ﷺ sent Musab bin Umair Al-Abdari to teach the people there the principles of Islam. Islam spread rapidly in Yathrib.
The following year, 73 people from Madina came to Aqabah and made a pledge to the Prophet ﷺ known as the Second Pledge of Aqabah.
The Prophet ﷺ gave the command for his companions to emigrate to Medina. The Makkans tried to prevent anyone from migrating, so the Muslims of Makkah made their way there in secret, leaving individually and in groups.
A group from the Quraish, desperate to stop the spread of Islam, hatched a plot to murder the Prophet ﷺ. In the meantime the Prophet ﷺ received permission to migrate to Yathrib.
The Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr left Makkah during the night. When the Quraish found out, they offered a large reward for the capture of the Prophet ﷺ, and sent out search parties to seek him out.
The journey to Yathrib was long and dangerous as the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr took winding routes. Finally, the Prophet ﷺ arrived in Quba, where he spent a few days. During this time, the foundation of Quba mosque was laid. Thus the first mosque built in this era of Islam was laid.
The people of Yathrib were eager to receive the Prophet ﷺ and looked towards the horizon daily, looking for a sign of his arrival.
It was on a Friday morning, 12 years after the beginning of the revelation of the Quran, the Prophet ﷺ rode into Yathrib and was received with joy. Yathrib, would now be known as Madinah (which is a shortening of Madinatu Nabi, The City of the Prophet).
The first task the Prophet ﷺ attended to was the construction of a mosque. Nearby, rooms reserved for the Prophet’s ﷺ household were built, and to the north of the mosque was space for those who had no home nor family.
The Prophet ﷺ then concentrated on strengthening the bonds amongst the Muslims of Medina; between the Emigrants (Al-Muhajirun) and those from Medina, the Helpers (Al-Ansar), and also between the tribal factions that existed in Quraish, and the Madini tribes of Aws and Khazraj. The Prophet ﷺ also began to establish regular relations with non-Mulims.
The Quraish of Makkah resented the escape of the Prophet ﷺ and jealous of Islam’s growing strength. The Quriash were still determined to kill the Prophet ﷺ. They began to visit Medina in secret and propagate falsehoods against the Prophet ﷺ and Islam.
Allah gave the Muslims permission to defend the religion, thus the permission to fight in defence and retaliation was given.
The most notable of these battles:
The Battle of Badr. In the second year of Hijra, 14 years after the revelation of the Quran, a battle took place between the Muslims and the Quraish.
Previously, a caravan belonging to the Quraish escaped a military encounter with the Prophet ﷺ and his men. On the return of this caravan the Prophet ﷺ and around 300 men, two horses and 70 camels rode out towards Badr to intercept the caravan.
Leading the caravan, Abu Sufyan, sent a message asking for help from the Quraish with an immediate response.
On the 17th Ramadan, 300 of the Muslim army faced 1000 of the army of the Quraish. Despite being outnumbered, the battle ended as a decisive victory for the Muslims. The Quraish sustained heavy casualties and fled from the battlefield. At the end of the battle, 70 of the Quraysh had been killed and around 73-74 were taken prisoners of war. 14 from the Muslim army were killed.
The Battle of Uhud. This battle took place after the Quraysh sought revenge for their defeat at the Battle of Badr. Determined to crush the Muslims, the Quraysh assembled an army of 3,000 men from Mecca and marched toward Uhud.
In response, the Prophet ﷺ set out with an army of 1,000 Muslims. However, partway to the battlefield, 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salool betrayed the Muslims, withdrawing with 300 of his followers, leaving the Muslim forces reduced to just 700 men.
Despite their reduced numbers, the Prophet ﷺ led the remaining troops to Uhud, where they confronted the Quraysh army. As the battle began, the Muslims initially gained the upper hand, forcing the Quraysh to retreat. However, a group of Muslim archers, who had been stationed to guard the rear, became distracted by the spoils in the enemy camp. Eager to claim their share, they abandoned their posts.
Seeing this opportunity, Khalid bin Walid, the commander of the Makkan cavalry, launched a surprise attack from behind. The retreating Quraysh soldiers regrouped and returned to the battlefield, trapping the Muslims in a fierce battle. Amidst the intense fighting, the Prophet ﷺ and his followers managed to retreat to the safety of Mount Uhud.
In the end, 22 of the Quraysh were killed, while the Muslims suffered 70 casualties. Despite the losses, the Muslims successfully thwarted the Quraysh's primary objective: to kill the Prophet ﷺ and extinguish the message of Islam.
Battle of the Trench. The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq (Trench) or the Battle of Ahzab (Confederates), was a 30-day siege of Medina. This battle was fought between the Muslims and a coalition of forces that included the Quraysh and several Jewish tribes.
Upon learning that Abu Sufyan was leading an army of 10,000 soldiers toward Medina, the Prophet ﷺ was advised by Salman al-Farsi to dig a trench along the northern border of the city, as the other sides were protected by dense forests and mountains. The Muslims took six days to complete this defensive trench.
The trench proved effective, preventing the Quraysh army from entering Medina. Unable to breach the city's defences, the Quraysh sought alternative strategies. The leader of Banu al-Nadir, a Jewish tribe, approached Banu al-Qurayza, another Jewish tribe that had previously signed a treaty with the Muslims and even assisted in digging the trench. However, Banu al-Qurayza betrayed the treaty and agreed to support the Quraysh by planning an attack on Muslim women and children in the southern part of Medina.
When the Prophet ﷺ learned of this plan, he swiftly sent a force to protect the vulnerable, successfully keeping Banu al-Qurayza at bay.
Meanwhile, Nuaym ibn Masud, an elderly man who had secretly embraced Islam, approached the Prophet ﷺ offering his assistance. The Prophet ﷺ advised him to sow discord between Banu al-Qurayza and the Quraysh. Following this advice, Nuaym ibn Masud warned Banu al-Qurayza that if the Muslims won, the Quraysh would abandon them, leaving them to face the consequences alone. He suggested they demand hostages from the Quraysh as a guarantee of their support.
Nuaym ibn Masud then went to the Quraysh and falsely claimed that Banu Qurayza had re-aligned with the Muslims, causing mistrust and suspicion between the two groups.
Eventually a powerful storm struck, leaving the Quraysh and Banu al-Qurayza in a weakened state, forcing them to withdraw from the battlefield. Despite being heavily outnumbered, with an army of only 3,000 Muslims against 10,000 enemies, the Muslims emerged victorious. This triumph significantly strengthened the reputation and influence of the Prophet ﷺ throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
In the seventh year after Hijra, the Prophet ﷺ set out with the muslims to Makkah with the intention of performing Umrah (pilgrimage). They met with the Makkans who prevented them from performing Umrah, however a contract was made between the two parties, known as “The Treaty of Hudaibiya”.
Of the terms included in this treaty was that fighting between them cease for 10 years and that whilst the Muslims had to return to Medina without performing Umrah that year, they could return and perform umrah the following year.
In the eighth year of Hijra, the Makkans broke the terms of the treaty, so the Prophet ﷺ conquered Makkah. The idols and other symbols of polytheism in Makkah were destroyed.
After this conquest of Makkah, Islam began to spread in Arabia, and delegations went out to various places to teach Islam.
The Prophet ﷺ passed away at the age of 63 years old on Monday the 12th of Rabi Al-awal. He ﷺ was buried where he passed away, in the house of Aisha.
COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET ﷺ
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